.. meta::
    :description: Operator precedence in Python
    :author: Serhii Horodilov sgorodil@gmail.com
    :keywords: python, basics, operator, precedence

###################
Operator Precedence
###################

The following table summarizes the operator precedence in Python, from highest
precedence (most binding) to lowest precedence (least binding) 
:cite:`docs-python:operator-precedence`. Operators in the same cell have the
same precedence (use left-to-right precedence).

+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| Operator               | Description                                        |
+========================+====================================================+
| ``(expressions...)``,  | Binding or parenthesized expression, list display, |
| ``[expressions...]``,  | dictionary display, set display                    |
| ``{key: value...}``,   |                                                    |
| ``{expressions...}``   |                                                    |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``x[index]``,          | Subscription, slicing, call, attribute reference   |
| ``x[index:index]``,    |                                                    |
| ``x(arguments...)``,   |                                                    |
| ``x.attribute``        |                                                    |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``await x``            | Await expression                                   |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``**``                 | Exponentiation [#]_                                |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``+x``, ``-x``, ``~x`` | Positive, negative, bitwise NOT                    |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``*``, ``@``, ``/``,   | Multiplication, matrix multiplication, division,   |
| ``//``, ``%``          | floor division, remainder [#]_                     |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``+``, ``-``           | Addition and subtraction                           |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``<<``, ``>>``         | Shifts                                             |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``&``                  | Bitwise AND                                        |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``^``                  | Bitwise XOR                                        |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``|``                  | Bitwise OR                                         |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``in``, ``not in``,    | Comparisons, including membership tests and        |
| ``is``, ``is not``,    | identity tests                                     |
| ``<``, ``<=``, ``>``,  |                                                    |
| ``>=``, ``==``, ``!=`` |                                                    |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``not x``              | Boolean NOT                                        |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``and``                | Boolean AND                                        |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``or``                 | Boolean OR                                         |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``if - else``          | Conditional expression (ternary ``if``)            |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``lambda``             | Lambda expression                                  |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| ``=``, ``:=``          | Assignment expression                              |
+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+

.. [#] the power operator binds less tightly than an arithmetic or bitwise
       unary operator on its right (``2 ** -1`` is ``0.5``).
.. [#] the ``%`` operator is also used for string formatting;
       the same precedence applies.